The National Eye Institute's AREDS 2 research showed benefit of these six ingredients:
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Zinc
Copper
Lutein
Zeaxanthin
However, many over-the-counter multivitamin supplements contain one or more of these ingredients, creating overlap and possible over-dosage situations.
Co-Defense® is a multivitamin uniquely formulated for patients who take macular degeneration supplements based upon the National Eye Institute's Age Related Eye Disease Study.
Co-Defense removes Vitamin A, C, E, Zinc and Copper - nutrients that already exist in high amounts in VisiVite and other macular degeneration supplements.
Compared with other multivitamins, Co-Defense contains twice the levels of water soluble B vitamins and triple the amount of Lycopene, nutrients that are of importance as we age.
Co-Defense is made with synthetic Vitamin D-2, since most sources of Vitamin D-3 are from animal sources, including fat from sheep's wool.
Ingredient |
Amount |
% Daily Value** |
D2(as ergocalciferol) |
400 IU |
100% |
Vitamin K (as phytonadione) |
10 mcg |
13% |
Thiamin (Vitamin B-1) (as thiamine HCl) |
3 mg |
200% |
Riboflavin (Vitamin B-2) |
3.4 mg |
200% |
Niacin (Vitamin B-3) (as niacinamide) |
40 mg |
200% |
Vitamin B-6 (as pyridoxine HCl) |
4 mg |
200% |
Folate (as folic acid) |
400 mcg |
100% |
Vitamin B-12 (as cyanocobalamin) |
25 mcg |
41% |
Biotin |
300 mcg |
100% |
Pantothenic acid |
20 mg |
200% |
Calcium |
200 mg |
20% |
Phosphorus |
50 mg |
5% |
Iodine |
150 mcg |
100% |
Magnesium |
100 mg |
25% |
Selenium |
20 mcg |
29% |
Manganese |
2 mg |
100% |
Chromium |
150 mcg |
125% |
Molybdenum |
75 mg |
100% |
Boron |
750 mcg |
† |
Lycopene |
1 mg |
† |
Vanadium |
10 mcg |
† |
† Daily Value not established.
** Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie per day diet.
Other ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable stearic acid, croscarmellose sodium, non-hydrogenated vegetable stearate, acacia gum, maltodextrin and aqueous film coating.
Contains: soy